_{step one}), fewer other-gender friends (H_dos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H_{step three}). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H₄). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H₅). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H₆) and mixed-gender friendships (H_seven).

Professionals.

Professionals was recruited of five local higher universities (one to the-female, you to definitely all of the-males and two coeducational) based in demographically varied districts into the Hong-kong. Members integrated Form step 1 to help you six (seven th so you’re able to twelve th values) college students with the exception of new all of the-ladies college, at which Means six children were excluded because of the school’s arrangement to own societal exam thinking. Surveys were applied by a category teacher during the for every classification. Players done procedures to your built parameters and claimed their monthly family members money, parental education and decades, quantities of sisters and you will brothers, and ethnicity. This study are done in conformity towards information and you will recognition of your own College or university from Hong-kong Peoples Look Integrity Panel (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you will inactive concur from parents or guardians was indeed received before studies collection. Every subjects gave composed told agree in accordance with the Statement of Helsinki.

A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, M_age = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori https://datingranking.net/es/citas-filipino/ power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table 1.

Sex salience level.

Intercourse salience is mentioned by McGuire mais aussi al.is the reason approach . That it scale has been shown as for the or inspired by sex structure [twenty seven,53]. Members had been questioned supply about three brief answers to each and every regarding these two issues: “Let me know what you’re” and you may “Let me know what you are perhaps not”. These people were instructed to write down what they could remember instantly. New solutions was in fact upcoming coded just like the “gender-related” or “non-gender-related”. Table 2 shows examples of which programming system. Answers was in fact very first coded alone of the a few coders. Inter-rater precision is actually high for everybody responses (all ? > .93). Disagreements had been after that solved because of the talks among them coders. The number of gender-related responses across the several issues is summed to indicate intercourse salience.